首页 星云 工具 资源 星选 资讯 热门工具
:

PDF转图片 完全免费 小红书视频下载 无水印 抖音视频下载 无水印 数字星空

老旧 Linux 系统搭建现代 C++ 开发环境 —— 基于 neovim

编程知识
2024年07月31日 09:54

问题背景

公司配发的电脑是 macOS,日常开发需要访问 Linux 虚拟机,出于安全方面的考虑,只能通过跳板机登录。这阻止了大多数远程图形界面的使用,让写代码的工作变得复杂起来,市面上非常好用的 VSCode 都用不了。因此考虑基于 vim 搭建一套个人开发环境,需要支持以下特性:

  • 语法高亮 (风格可切换)
  • 自动格式化
  • 函数或变量定义跳转
  • 函数或变量引用跳转
  • 成员函数或变量下拉列表提示
  • 函数或变量 TAB 键自动补齐
  • 快速查找
  • ……

考察了多种方案后,决定基于目前比较流行的 neovim 来打造,不过它面向的是比较新的 Linux 发行版,不知道我这个老的 CentOS7 能不能带起来,本文就是一个探索过程。

系统环境

开始之前,先罗列下老旧系统的配置:

  • 硬件
    • CPU: 2.40GHz * 2 核
    • 内存: 16G
    • 存储: 40G + 100G
  • 软件
    • 系统:CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
    • kernel:3.10.0-1160.21.1.el7.x86_64
    • rpm:4.11.3
    • gcc:4.8.5 (备选 8.2)
    • glibc:2.17
    • make:GNU make 3.82
    • openssl:1.0.2k
    • git:1.8
    • wget:1.14
    • python: 3.6.8

确实是老旧,都是公司成本控制的泪~

软件安装

整个搭建过程是比较坎坷的,常常是装了 Z 之后才发现它依赖 X、Y,去安装 X、Y 的时候又发现一坨问题……这里为了直接上手,改为正叙模式,按这个方式一步步安装、升级,应该是没问题的。如果你的系统上已经存在依赖的软件且版本一致或更新,可以忽略对应安装过程。

在 Linux 上安装软件,一般有源码安装和包管理器安装两种方式,后者在 CentOS 上就是 yum 了,然而软件源提供的软件一般版本较低,有时需要使用前者,这就比较依赖 wget、git、gcc 和 make 了,这也是在上一节中列出他们版本的原因,在开始安装各种软件之前,需要首先升级他们。

基础软件升级

gcc

系统提供的 4.8.5 编译基本是够用的,后面代码格式化需要用到的 clang-format 模块如果是源码方式安装,要求 gcc 至少是 5.1,如果你有 5.1 及以上的 gcc 那更好。没有也没关系,本文会用其它方式绕过,毕竟升级 gcc 是一项大工程,没有半天是搞不定的,太耽误功夫。

虽然不必升级 gcc,但是一些代码库使用的高版本 gcc 默认了 -std=c99 选项,这点对老版本非常不友好,为此需要特意告诉老 gcc 编译器这个选项。具体就是修改 gcc 的 spec 文件,首先是确认当前系统 gcc 加载的 spec 文件:

> strace -e file gcc 2>&1 | grep specs
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/lib/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/lib/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

目前看是没有,需要使用 gcc 析出一份默认的:

> sudo bash -c 'gcc -dumpspecs > /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs'

注意析出的路径就是上面加载路径中的第一条,内容如下:

查看代码
 *asm:
%{m32:--32}  %{m32|mx32:;:--64}  %{mx32:--x32}  %{!mno-sse2avx:%{mavx:-msse2avx}} %{msse2avx:%{!mavx:-msse2avx}}

*asm_debug:
%{!g0:%{gstabs*:--gstabs}%{!gstabs*:%{g*:--gdwarf2}}} %{fdebug-prefix-map=*:--debug-prefix-map %*}

*asm_final:
%{gsplit-dwarf:
       objcopy --extract-dwo 	 %{c:%{o*:%*}%{!o*:%b%O}}%{!c:%U%O} 	 %{c:%{o*:%:replace-extension(%{o*:%*} .dwo)}%{!o*:%b.dwo}}%{!c:%b.dwo}
       objcopy --strip-dwo 	 %{c:%{o*:%*}%{!o*:%b%O}}%{!c:%U%O}     }

*asm_options:
%{-target-help:%:print-asm-header()} %{v} %{w:-W} %{I*} %a %Y %{c:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %w%b%O}}%{!c:-o %d%w%u%O}

*invoke_as:
%{!fwpa:   %{fcompare-debug=*|fdump-final-insns=*:%:compare-debug-dump-opt()}   %{!S:-o %|.s |
 as %(asm_options) %m.s %A }  }

*cpp:
%{posix:-D_POSIX_SOURCE} %{pthread:-D_REENTRANT}

*cpp_options:
%(cpp_unique_options) %1 %{m*} %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} %{f*} %{g*:%{!g0:%{g*} %{!fno-working-directory:-fworking-directory}}} %{O*} %{undef} %{save-temps*:-fpch-preprocess}

*cpp_debug_options:
%{d*}

*cpp_unique_options:
%{!Q:-quiet} %{nostdinc*} %{C} %{CC} %{v} %{I*&F*} %{P} %I %{MD:-MD %{!o:%b.d}%{o*:%.d%*}} %{MMD:-MMD %{!o:%b.d}%{o*:%.d%*}} %{M} %{MM} %{MF*} %{MG} %{MP} %{MQ*} %{MT*} %{!E:%{!M:%{!MM:%{!MT:%{!MQ:%{MD|MMD:%{o*:-MQ %*}}}}}}} %{remap} %{g3|ggdb3|gstabs3|gcoff3|gxcoff3|gvms3:-dD} %{!iplugindir*:%{fplugin*:%:find-plugindir()}} %{H} %C %{D*&U*&A*} %{i*} %Z %i %{fmudflap:-D_MUDFLAP -include mf-runtime.h} %{fmudflapth:-D_MUDFLAP -D_MUDFLAPTH -include mf-runtime.h} %{E|M|MM:%W{o*}}

*trad_capable_cpp:
cc1 -E %{traditional|traditional-cpp:-traditional-cpp}

*cc1:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-cc:%(cc1_cpu) %{profile:-p};:%(cc1_cpu) %{profile:-p} %{!mglibc:%{!muclibc:%{!mbionic: -mbionic}}} %{!fno-pic:%{!fno-PIC:%{!fpic:%{!fPIC: -fPIC}}}}}

*cc1_options:
%{pg:%{fomit-frame-pointer:%e-pg and -fomit-frame-pointer are incompatible}} %{!iplugindir*:%{fplugin*:%:find-plugindir()}} %1 %{!Q:-quiet} %{!dumpbase:-dumpbase %B} %{d*} %{m*} %{aux-info*} %{fcompare-debug-second:%:compare-debug-auxbase-opt(%b)}  %{!fcompare-debug-second:%{c|S:%{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b}}}%{!c:%{!S:-auxbase %b}}  %{g*} %{O*} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{v:-version} %{pg:-p} %{p} %{f*} %{undef} %{Qn:-fno-ident} %{Qy:} %{-help:--help} %{-target-help:--target-help} %{-version:--version} %{-help=*:--help=%*} %{!fsyntax-only:%{S:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %b.s}}} %{fsyntax-only:-o %j} %{-param*} %{fmudflap|fmudflapth:-fno-builtin -fno-merge-constants} %{coverage:-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage}

*cc1plus:


*link_gcc_c_sequence:
%{static:--start-group} %G %L %{static:--end-group}%{!static:%G}

*link_ssp:
%{fstack-protector:}

*endfile:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{Ofast|ffast-math|funsafe-math-optimizations:crtfastmath.o%s}    %{mpc32:crtprec32.o%s}    %{mpc64:crtprec64.o%s}    %{mpc80:crtprec80.o%s} %{shared|pie:crtendS.o%s;:crtend.o%s} crtn.o%s;:%{Ofast|ffast-math|funsafe-math-optimizations:crtfastmath.o%s}    %{mpc32:crtprec32.o%s}    %{mpc64:crtprec64.o%s}    %{mpc80:crtprec80.o%s} %{shared: crtend_so%O%s;: crtend_android%O%s}}

*link:
%{!r:--build-id} --no-add-needed %{!static:--eh-frame-hdr} --hash-style=gnu %{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{m32|mx32:;:-m elf_x86_64}                    %{m32:-m elf_i386}                    %{mx32:-m elf32_x86_64}   %{shared:-shared}   %{!shared:     %{!static:       %{rdynamic:-export-dynamic}       %{m32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker;:/lib/ld-linux.so.2}}}       %{m32|mx32:;:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld64-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker64;:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2}}}       %{mx32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ldx32-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linkerx32;:/libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2}}}}     %{static:-static}};:%{m32|mx32:;:-m elf_x86_64}                    %{m32:-m elf_i386}                    %{mx32:-m elf32_x86_64}   %{shared:-shared}   %{!shared:     %{!static:       %{rdynamic:-export-dynamic}       %{m32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker;:/lib/ld-linux.so.2}}}       %{m32|mx32:;:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld64-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker64;:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2}}}       %{mx32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ldx32-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linkerx32;:/libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2}}}}     %{static:-static}} %{shared: -Bsymbolic}}

*lib:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{pthread:-lpthread}    %{shared:-lc}    %{!shared:%{mieee-fp:-lieee} %{profile:-lc_p}%{!profile:-lc}};:%{pthread:-lpthread}    %{shared:-lc}    %{!shared:%{mieee-fp:-lieee} %{profile:-lc_p}%{!profile:-lc}} %{!static: -ldl}}

*mfwrap:
 %{static: %{fmudflap|fmudflapth:  --wrap=malloc --wrap=free --wrap=calloc --wrap=realloc --wrap=mmap --wrap=mmap64 --wrap=munmap --wrap=alloca} %{fmudflapth: --wrap=pthread_create}} %{fmudflap|fmudflapth: --wrap=main}

*mflib:
%{fmudflap|fmudflapth: -export-dynamic}

*link_gomp:


*libgcc:
%{static|static-libgcc:-lgcc -lgcc_eh}%{!static:%{!static-libgcc:%{!shared-libgcc:-lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed}%{shared-libgcc:-lgcc_s%{!shared: -lgcc}}}}

*startfile:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{!shared: %{pg|p|profile:gcrt1.o%s;pie:Scrt1.o%s;:crt1.o%s}}    crti.o%s %{static:crtbeginT.o%s;shared|pie:crtbeginS.o%s;:crtbegin.o%s};:%{shared: crtbegin_so%O%s;:  %{static: crtbegin_static%O%s;: crtbegin_dynamic%O%s}}}

*cross_compile:
0

*version:
4.8.5

*multilib:
. !m64 !m32;64:../lib64 m64 !m32;32:../lib !m64 m32;

*multilib_defaults:
m64

*multilib_extra:


*multilib_matches:
m64 m64;m32 m32;

*multilib_exclusions:


*multilib_options:
m64/m32

*multilib_reuse:


*linker:
collect2

*linker_plugin_file:


*lto_wrapper:


*lto_gcc:


*link_libgcc:
%D

*md_exec_prefix:


*md_startfile_prefix:


*md_startfile_prefix_1:


*startfile_prefix_spec:


*sysroot_spec:
--sysroot=%R

*sysroot_suffix_spec:


*sysroot_hdrs_suffix_spec:


*self_spec:


*cc1_cpu:
%{march=native:%>march=native %:local_cpu_detect(arch)   %{!mtune=*:%>mtune=native %:local_cpu_detect(tune)}} %{mtune=native:%>mtune=native %:local_cpu_detect(tune)}

*link_command:
%{!fsyntax-only:%{!c:%{!M:%{!MM:%{!E:%{!S:    %(linker) %{!fno-use-linker-plugin:%{flto|flto=*|fuse-linker-plugin:     -plugin %(linker_plugin_file)     -plugin-opt=%(lto_wrapper)     -plugin-opt=-fresolution=%u.res     %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%:pass-through-libs(%(link_gcc_c_sequence))}}     }}%{flto|flto=*:%<fcompare-debug*}     %{flto} %{flto=*} %l %{pie:-pie} %{fuse-ld=*:-fuse-ld=%*}    %X %{o*} %{e*} %{N} %{n} %{r}    %{s} %{t} %{u*} %{z} %{Z} %{!nostdlib:%{!nostartfiles:%S}}    %{static:} %{L*} %(mfwrap) %(link_libgcc) %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%{fsanitize=address:%{!shared:libasan_preinit%O%s} %{static-libasan:%{!shared:-Bstatic --whole-archive -lasan --no-whole-archive -Bdynamic}}%{!static-libasan:-lasan}}     %{fsanitize=thread:%{static-libtsan:%{!shared:-Bstatic --whole-archive -ltsan --no-whole-archive -Bdynamic}}%{!static-libtsan:-ltsan}}}} %o    %{fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:%:include(libgomp.spec)%(link_gomp)}    %{fgnu-tm:%:include(libitm.spec)%(link_itm)}    %(mflib)  %{fsplit-stack: --wrap=pthread_create}    %{fprofile-arcs|fprofile-generate*|coverage:-lgcov} %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%{fsanitize=address: %{static-libasan:-ldl -lpthread}    %{static:%ecannot specify -static with -fsanitize=address}    %{fsanitize=thread:%e-fsanitize=address is incompatible with -fsanitize=thread}}    %{fsanitize=thread: %{static-libtsan:-ldl -lpthread}    %{!pie:%{!shared:%e-fsanitize=thread linking must be done with -pie or -shared}}}}}     %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%(link_ssp) %(link_gcc_c_sequence)}}    %{!nostdlib:%{!nostartfiles:%E}} %{T*} }}}}}}

信息比较多,定位到关键字 *cc1_options:, 在 %{w}%{std*&ansi&trigraphs} 之间添加 -std=c99

> cat /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs.c99 | grep c99
%{pg:%{fomit-frame-pointer:%e-pg and -fomit-frame-pointer are incompatible}} %{!iplugindir*:%{fplugin*:%:find-plugindir()}} %1 %{!Q:-quiet} %{!dumpbase:-dumpbase %B} %{d*} %{m*} %{aux-info*} %{fcompare-debug-second:%:compare-debug-auxbase-opt(%b)}  %{!fcompare-debug-second:%{c|S:%{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b}}}%{!c:%{!S:-auxbase %b}}  %{g*} %{O*} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} -std=c99 %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{v:-version} %{pg:-p} %{p} %{f*} %{undef} %{Qn:-fno-ident} %{Qy:} %{-help:--help} %{-target-help:--target-help} %{-version:--version} %{-help=*:--help=%*} %{!fsyntax-only:%{S:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %b.s}}} %{fsyntax-only:-o %j} %{-param*} %{fmudflap|fmudflapth:-fno-builtin -fno-merge-constants} %{coverage:-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage}

再次运行 gcc,确认已加载修改后的 spec 文件:

> gcc -v
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)

第一行的输出符合预期,整个过程可参考附录 4。

如果不进行这个设置,后面在编译 lsp-server 中的 lsp-kind.nvim & nvim-lspconfig 模块时会失败:

glibc

系统提供的 2.17 不行,clangd 需要至少 2.18,否则 neovim 中跳转相关的键 (gd/gD) 会失效,而 yum 上没有大于 2.17 版本的软件可用,需要手动更新下:

# 通过网盘链接下载 rpm 包
# 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QAyqa04iZ45q1-HqeYH80Q?pwd=1234 提取码: 1234 
> ls -lh *.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 3.6M May 17 16:28 glibc-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  12M May 17 16:28 glibc-common-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 1.1M May 17 16:28 glibc-devel-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 648K May 17 16:28 glibc-headers-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
> sudo rpm -Uvh --nodeps --force glibc-*.rpm
> ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.18
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.

具体升级过程可参考附录 2。

make

系统提供的 3.82 GNU Make 基本够用。

openssl

系统提供的 1.0.2k 基本够用。

git

系统提供的 1.8 版本不行,需要升级到 2.38,否则不能识别 rebase=false 参数,导致插件更新时拉取代码库失败:

当时直接使用 yum install git 升级的版本还是比较低,所以我是手动安装的,但也取了个巧,直接安装了个 rpm 来更新 CentOS7 的软件源:

> sudo yum install https://packages.endpointdev.com/rhel/7/os/x86_64/endpoint-repo.x86_64.rpm
> sudo yum install git
> git --version
git version 2.38.1

从而找到更新版本的 git,省了不少事。后来这个源还更新了,现在安装的话是 2.43 版本。

另外最好更新 /etc/hosts 文件以便加快对 github.com 的访问速度:

> cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
140.82.114.3 github.com
140.82.114.10 nodeload.github.com
140.82.114.6 api.github.com
140.82.114.10 codeload.github.com

这里的 ip 都是通过反查相关域名得到的,可能会有所不同,详情参考附录 3。

wget

系统提供的 1.14 版本不行,在拉取部分 lsp-server 时会出错 (cpp/lua),需要升级到 1.21.3:

> curl -o wget-latest.tar.gz http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gnu/wget/wget-latest.tar.gz
> tar xvf wget-latest.tar.gz
> cd wget-1.21.3
> ./configure --with-ssl=openssl
> make -j8
> sudo make install
> wget --version
GNU Wget 1.21.3 built on linux-gnu.

-cares +digest -gpgme +https +ipv6 -iri +large-file -metalink +nls
+ntlm +opie -psl +ssl/openssl

Wgetrc:
    /usr/local/etc/wgetrc (system)
Locale:
    /usr/local/share/locale
Compile:
    gcc -std=gnu11 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H
    -DSYSTEM_WGETRC="/usr/local/etc/wgetrc"
    -DLOCALEDIR="/usr/local/share/locale" -I. -I../lib -I../lib
    -DHAVE_LIBSSL -DNDEBUG -g -O2
Link:
    gcc -std=gnu11 -DHAVE_LIBSSL -DNDEBUG -g -O2 -lpcre -lssl -lcrypto
    -lz ../lib/libgnu.a

Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Originally written by Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org>.
Please send bug reports and questions to <bug-wget@gnu.org>.

目前的 wget-lastest 指向的最新版本是 1.24.5。

python3

系统提供的 3.6.8 版本勉强够用,clang-format 编译安装要求 python 至少为 3.8 版本,可以选择安装 Python 3.8.1:

> sudo yum install libffi-devel
> wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.1/Python-3.8.1.tgz
> tar -xvf Python-3.8.1.tgz
> cd Python-3.8.1
> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
> make -j8
> sudo make altinstall
> sudo ln -sf /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3
> sudo ln -sf /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip3

不过可以通过直接下载 clang-format 来忽略这步,所以这里的 python3 没有升级,具体操作步骤在安装 clang-format 时介绍。

cargo

rust 的包管理器,系统未提供,需要单独安装:

> sudo yum install cargo
> cargo --version
cargo 1.65.0

用于后续安装 fd,它是一款 find 的替代者,可以实现更高效的文件查找,目前 yum 上最新的版本是 1.72.1。

go

go 语言编译器,系统未提供,需要单独安装:

> sudo yum install go
> go version
go version go1.17.12 linux/amd64

用来后续编译安装 efm-langserver,它是一款代码审查工具。目前 yum 源最新 go 版本是 1.20.12。为避免后续安装过程中出现网络访问错误的问题,可提前设置以下代理:

> go env -w GO111MODULE=on
> go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct
> go env -w GOPRIVATE=*.corp.example.com

sqlite3

本地数据库,系统未提供,需要单独安装:

> sudo yum install sqlite sqlite-devel
> sqlite3 --version
3.7.17 2013-05-20 00:56:22 118a3b35693b134d56ebd780123b7fd6f1497668

用于后续安装 scheme ,它是一款语法高亮插件,使用 sqlite3 存储信息。

升级后

  • gcc:4.8.5
  • glibc:2.18
  • make:GNU make 3.82
  • openssl:1.0.2k
  • git:2.43
  • wget:1.24.5
  • python: 3.6.8
  • cargo:1.72.1
  • go:1.20.12
  • sqlite3:3.7.17

依赖软件安装

rg

全名 ripgrep,是 grep 替代者,功能更强大,不能直接使用 yum 安装,通过添加 yum 源的方式来曲线安装:

> sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo=https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/carlwgeorge/ripgrep/repo/epel-7/carlwgeorge-ripgrep-epel-7.repo
> sudo yum install ripgrep
> rg --version
ripgrep 13.0.0
-SIMD -AVX (compiled)
+SIMD +AVX (runtime)

源是固定的,版本目前仍保持 13.0.0。

fd

全名 fd-find,用来替代 find,功能更强大,有之前安装 cargo 的基础,直接安装:

> cargo install fd-find
> sudo cp ~/.cargo/bin/fd /usr/local/bin/
> fd --version 
fd 8.5.3

基于最新的 cargo 1.72.1 安装会报错:

> cargo install fd-find
    Updating crates.io index
  Downloaded fd-find v10.1.0
...
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2a04:4e42:8c::649: Network is unreachable)
  Downloaded jemalloc-sys v0.5.4+5.3.0-patched
  Downloaded 64 crates (8.2 MB) in 3m 10s (largest was `linux-raw-sys` at 1.8 MB)
error: failed to compile `fd-find v10.1.0`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installBfI2hZ`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.

Caused by:
  package `clap_complete v4.5.2` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1
  Try re-running cargo install with `--locked`

看起来需要升级 rustc (1.74 > 1.72.1),不过看到要安装的 fd-find 版本为 10.1.0,好像受到了启发,直接指定 fd-find 的版本为 8.5.3 重试:

> cargo install fd-find --version 8.5.3
  Downloaded fd-find v8.5.3
  Downloaded 1 crate (114.1 KB) in 9.31s
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing fd-find v8.5.3
    Updating crates.io index
...
  Downloaded 22 crates (2.2 MB) in 1m 07s (largest was `linux-raw-sys` at 1013.8 KB)
error: failed to compile `fd-find v8.5.3`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installmg1If6`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.

Caused by:
  package `clap_complete v4.5.2` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1
  Try re-running cargo install with `--locked`

仍然失败,叔可忍婶不可忍,直接按提示加 --locked 选项:

查看代码
 > cargo install fd-find --version 8.5.3 --locked
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing fd-find v8.5.3
    Updating crates.io index
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2600:9000:20e4:fe00:1f:a9f5:69c0:93a1: Network is unreachable)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30000 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: package `crossbeam-channel v0.5.6` in Cargo.lock is yanked in registry `crates-io`, consider running without --locked
    Updating crates.io index
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30000 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
  Downloaded ctrlc v3.2.3
  Downloaded termcolor v1.1.3
  Downloaded crossbeam-utils v0.8.12
  Downloaded time v0.1.44
  Downloaded clap_complete v4.0.5
  Downloaded clap_derive v4.0.21
  Downloaded num-traits v0.2.15
  Downloaded thread_local v1.1.4
  Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.47
  Downloaded memchr v2.5.0
  Downloaded jemallocator v0.5.0
  Downloaded iana-time-zone v0.1.51
  Downloaded os_str_bytes v6.3.0
  Downloaded unicode-ident v1.0.5
  Downloaded globset v0.4.9
  Downloaded heck v0.4.0
  Downloaded clap v4.0.22
  Downloaded num-integer v0.1.45
  Downloaded proc-macro-error v1.0.4
  Downloaded quote v1.0.21
  Downloaded fs_extra v1.2.0
  Downloaded anyhow v1.0.66
  Downloaded fnv v1.0.7
  Downloaded nix v0.24.2
  Downloaded terminal_size v0.2.1
  Downloaded clap_lex v0.3.0
  Downloaded ignore v0.4.18
  Downloaded proc-macro-error-attr v1.0.4
  Downloaded io-lifetimes v0.7.4
  Downloaded log v0.4.17
  Downloaded regex v1.6.0
  Downloaded cc v1.0.73
  Downloaded once_cell v1.15.0
  Downloaded num_cpus v1.13.1
  Downloaded syn v1.0.103
  Downloaded rustix v0.35.12
  Downloaded nix v0.25.0
  Downloaded autocfg v1.1.0
  Downloaded crossbeam-channel v0.5.6
  Downloaded regex-syntax v0.6.27
  Downloaded bstr v0.2.17
  Downloaded chrono v0.4.22
  Downloaded linux-raw-sys v0.0.46
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2a04:4e42:8c::649: Network is unreachable)
  Downloaded walkdir v2.3.2
  Downloaded jemalloc-sys v0.5.2+5.3.0-patched
  Downloaded aho-corasick v0.7.19
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `libc v0.2.136` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded libc v0.2.136
  Downloaded 47 crates (5.7 MB) in 3m 17s
   Compiling libc v0.2.136
   Compiling cfg-if v1.0.0
   Compiling version_check v0.9.4
   Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.47
   Compiling unicode-ident v1.0.5
   Compiling bitflags v1.3.2
   Compiling quote v1.0.21
   Compiling autocfg v1.1.0
   Compiling memchr v2.5.0
   Compiling proc-macro-error-attr v1.0.4
   Compiling io-lifetimes v0.7.4
   Compiling syn v1.0.103
   Compiling proc-macro-error v1.0.4
   Compiling log v0.4.17
   Compiling rustix v0.35.12
   Compiling num-traits v0.2.15
   Compiling crossbeam-utils v0.8.12
   Compiling cc v1.0.73
   Compiling fs_extra v1.2.0
   Compiling once_cell v1.15.0
   Compiling linux-raw-sys v0.0.46
   Compiling jemalloc-sys v0.5.2+5.3.0-patched
   Compiling aho-corasick v0.7.19
   Compiling num-integer v0.1.45
   Compiling os_str_bytes v6.3.0
   Compiling regex-syntax v0.6.27
   Compiling heck v0.4.0
   Compiling clap_derive v4.0.21
   Compiling regex v1.6.0
   Compiling clap_lex v0.3.0
   Compiling terminal_size v0.2.1
   Compiling bstr v0.2.17
   Compiling atty v0.2.14
   Compiling lazy_static v1.4.0
   Compiling strsim v0.10.0
   Compiling same-file v1.0.6
   Compiling fnv v1.0.7
   Compiling termcolor v1.1.3
   Compiling anyhow v1.0.66
   Compiling clap v4.0.22
   Compiling globset v0.4.9
   Compiling walkdir v2.3.2
   Compiling thread_local v1.1.4
   Compiling nix v0.25.0
   Compiling nix v0.24.2
   Compiling dirs-sys-next v0.1.2
   Compiling time v0.1.44
   Compiling fd-find v8.5.3
   Compiling ansi_term v0.12.1
   Compiling iana-time-zone v0.1.51
   Compiling chrono v0.4.22
   Compiling lscolors v0.12.0
   Compiling dirs-next v2.0.0
   Compiling argmax v0.3.1
   Compiling ctrlc v3.2.3
   Compiling ignore v0.4.18
   Compiling clap_complete v4.0.5
   Compiling jemallocator v0.5.0
   Compiling crossbeam-channel v0.5.6
   Compiling users v0.11.0
   Compiling num_cpus v1.13.1
   Compiling humantime v2.1.0
   Compiling normpath v0.3.2
    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 10m 44s
warning: the following packages contain code that will be rejected by a future version of Rust: fs_extra v1.2.0
note: to see what the problems were, use the option `--future-incompat-report`, or run `cargo report future-incompatibilities --id 1`
  Installing /home/users/yunhai01/.cargo/bin/fd
   Installed package `fd-find v8.5.3` (executable `fd`)
warning: be sure to add `/home/users/yunhai01/.cargo/bin` to your PATH to be able to run the installed binaries

这回成功了。尝试为之前安装失败的 10.1.0 版本增加 --locked 选项:

> cargo install fd-find --locked
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing fd-find v10.1.0
    Updating crates.io index
warning: package `libc v0.2.154` in Cargo.lock is yanked in registry `crates-io`, consider running without --locked
    Updating crates.io index
  Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.81
  Downloaded anyhow v1.0.82
  Downloaded serde v1.0.200
  Downloaded errno v0.3.8
  Downloaded cc v1.0.96
  Downloaded syn v2.0.60
  Downloaded libc v0.2.154
  Downloaded linux-raw-sys v0.4.13
  Downloaded 8 crates (2.8 MB) in 1m 27s (largest was `linux-raw-sys` at 1.5 MB)
error: failed to compile `fd-find v10.1.0`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installVoh51U`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.

Caused by:
  package `clap_builder v4.5.2` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1

仍然不行,看来回退 8.5.3 是唯一的解决办法。之前还探索过将 cargo 版本降为 1.65.0:

> sudo yum remove cargo
> sudo yum install cargo-1.65.0-1.el7.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Excluding 1 update due to versionlock (use "yum versionlock status" to show it)
No package cargo-1.65.0-1.el7.x86_64 available.
Error: Nothing to do

未能成功。在网上也没搜到 1.65.0 的 cargo rpm 包,只能作罢。不清楚为何 1.72.1 的 cargo 要求 1.74 的 rustc,严重怀疑这是一个 bug。

书归正题,在安装完 fd 8.5.3 后需要按提示将 fd 移到 /usr/loca/bin:

> sudo cp /home/users/yunhai01/.cargo/bin/fd /usr/local/bin/
> fd --version
fd 8.5.3

否则 neovim 找不到。

tree-sitter

是一个解析器生成工具和增量解析库,在 nvim 中主要用作 latex 语言解析器、以及 rainbow-delimiters.nvim 和 nvim-treesitter.nvim 插件的底层支持。rainbow-delimiters 主要用于多种语言的语法高亮,特别是多括号的展示;nvim-treesitter 主要用于高效代码导航与编辑,是 IDE 不可或缺的底层组件。

可以使用 cargo 安装:

> cargo install tree-sitter-cli

会遇到和安装 fd 类似的问题:

查看代码
 > cargo install tree-sitter-cli
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing tree-sitter-cli v0.22.6
    Updating crates.io index
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30001 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30000 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30001 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
  Downloaded httpdate v1.0.3
  Downloaded equivalent v1.0.1
  Downloaded tiny_http v0.12.0
  Downloaded anstyle-query v1.1.0
  Downloaded ascii v1.1.0
  Downloaded dirs-sys v0.4.1
  Downloaded serde_derive v1.0.203
  Downloaded tempfile v3.10.1
  Downloaded clap_builder v4.5.6
  Downloaded webbrowser v1.0.1
  Downloaded tree-sitter-config v0.22.6
  Downloaded tree-sitter-tags v0.22.6
  Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.85
  Downloaded percent-encoding v2.3.1
  Downloaded unicode-normalization v0.1.23
  Downloaded semver v1.0.23
  Downloaded libloading v0.8.3
  Downloaded filetime v0.2.23
  Downloaded idna v0.5.0
  Downloaded ahash v0.8.11
  Downloaded itoa v1.0.11
  Downloaded form_urlencoded v1.2.1
  Downloaded zerocopy v0.7.34
  Downloaded wasmparser v0.206.0
  Downloaded option-ext v0.2.0
  Downloaded dirs v5.0.1
  Downloaded serde_json v1.0.117
  Downloaded chunked_transfer v1.5.0
  Downloaded ryu v1.0.18
  Downloaded tree-sitter v0.22.6
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [35] SSL connect error (TCP connection reset by peer)
  Downloaded thiserror-impl v1.0.61
  Downloaded clap_lex v0.7.1
  Downloaded serde v1.0.203
  Downloaded unicode-bidi v0.3.15
  Downloaded glob v0.3.1
  Downloaded tree-sitter-loader v0.22.6
  Downloaded indexmap v2.2.6
  Downloaded fastrand v2.1.0
  Downloaded url v2.5.0
  Downloaded indoc v2.0.5
  Downloaded tinyvec_macros v0.1.1
  Downloaded rustc-hash v1.1.0
  Downloaded clap v4.5.6
  Downloaded html-escape v0.2.13
  Downloaded clap_derive v4.5.5
  Downloaded tree-sitter-highlight v0.22.6
  Downloaded fs4 v0.8.3
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `difference v2.0.0` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded difference v2.0.0
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2a04:4e42:1a::649: Network is unreachable)
  Downloaded utf8-width v0.1.7
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `hashbrown v0.14.5` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded hashbrown v0.14.5
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `smallbitvec v2.5.3` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded smallbitvec v2.5.3
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `thiserror v1.0.61` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded thiserror v1.0.61
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `tinyvec v1.6.0` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded tinyvec v1.6.0
  Downloaded 53 crates (2.7 MB) in 4m 35s
error: failed to compile `tree-sitter-cli v0.22.6`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installFBNfkt`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.

Caused by:
  package `tree-sitter-highlight v0.22.6` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74.1 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1
  Try re-running cargo install with `--locked`

增加 --locked 选项应该可以解决问题,使用 cargo 1.72.1 目前安装的版本为 0.22.6,这个版本运行依赖较高的 glibc,所以放弃。

通过官方提示的 npm 方式安装的结果也差不多:

> npm install tree-sitter-cli

added 1 package in 10m
> ls -lh node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/
total 25M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  303 Jun  7 12:13 cli.js
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  14K Jun  7 12:13 dsl.d.ts
-rwxr-xr-x 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 3.4K Jun  7 12:13 install.js
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 1.1K Jun  7 12:13 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  534 Jun  7 12:13 package.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 1.7K Jun  7 12:13 README.md
-rwxr-xr-x 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  25M Jun  7 12:23 tree-sitter
> node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter --version
node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.25' not found (required by node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter)
node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter)
node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter)

最早之前安装的 0.20.7 版本是 ok 的,想通过这种方式安装的朋友,可以指定版本试一下。注意这两种方式安装后的文件分别位于 ~/.cargo/bin./node_modules/tree-sitter-cli 下,需要手动复制到 /usr/local/bin 以便生效。

现在介绍第三种安装方式,不依赖 cargo、npm 等包管理器,直接定位到 tree-sitter 官方下载页面,选择 0.20.4 版本,对于我的 CentOS7 x64 版本,选择 tree-sitter-linux-x64.gz 下载即可:

> gunzip tree-sitter-linux-x64.gz 
> chmod u+x tree-sitter-linux-x64
> sudo mv tree-sitter-linux-x64 /usr/local/bin
> tree-sitter --version
tree-sitter 0.20.4 (714bfd47a744ab44b904375c177a24c0614ef49c)

按上一面一步步执行就安装好了,亲测高于 0.20.4 的版本就有 glibc 兼容问题 (>2.18)。

efm-langserver

实现智能 IDE 的核心,基于 go 语言开发,使用 go 编译安装:

> go install github.com/mattn/efm-langserver@latest

安装后没有找到 efm-langserver,经查,go 1.20 之后,需要通过 GOPATH 环境变量来指定安装目录:

> export GOPATH=/ext/tools
> go install github.com/mattn/efm-langserver@latest
go: downloading github.com/mattn/efm-langserver v0.0.53
go: downloading github.com/sourcegraph/jsonrpc2 v0.2.0
go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
go: downloading github.com/mattn/go-unicodeclass v0.0.2
go: downloading github.com/reviewdog/errorformat v0.0.0-20240311054359-739e471a49b3

同样需要复制到 /usr/local/bin 目录以便全局生效:

> sudo cp bin/efm-langserver /usr/local/bin
> efm-langserver -v
efm-langserver 0.0.53 (rev: HEAD/go1.20.12)

比之前安装的版本略高一些:

> efm-langserver -v
efm-langserver 0.0.44 (rev: 36a4d81/go1.17.12)

Font

下载可支持符号的字体,例如:Nerd Font,在 macOS 上的安装非常简单,直接双击 ttf 文件安装:

然后在 macOS 终端上指定该字体,这里我使用的是 iTerm2,其它终端大同小异:

iTerm2 有以下 UI 路径:iTerm2 -> settings -> Profiles -> Default -> Text -> Font。下面是安装带符号字体前后的对比:

状态栏很多不能显示的符号都正常了 (标签页的仍保持问号,可能是一个特殊符号 Nerd Font 不支持)。

neovim

IDE 的载体,不使用 yum 安装,原因是 yum 上目前只有 0.3 版本的 neovim,而支持现代化 IDE 核心的 packer 包管理器至少需要 0.7 版本。这里使用 curl 直接下载最新版本:

> curl -LO https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim.appimage

启动:

> chmod u+x nvim.appimage
> ./nvim.appimage

报错:

/tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim)
/tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim: /lib64/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim)

看起来需要升级 glibc 2.29,为了避免再次更新 glibc,这里直接选择可以成功安装的 neovim 0.9.2 版本:

> wget https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/download/v0.9.2/nvim.appimage

友情提示:可以在 web 端下载后传递给虚拟机,macOS 访问 github 要比虚拟机快许多。

下载成功后,运行 nvim.appimage 可以自动释放目标文件:

> chmod u+x nvim.appimage
> ./nvim.appimage

如果运行后没有产生 squashfs-root 目录,说明系统缺乏 FUSE (用户空间文件系统),需要手动释放一下:

> ./nvim.appimage --appimage-extract

设置到 /usr/local/bin 后就可以被全局引用了:

> sudo ln -s $PWD/squashfs-root/AppRun /usr/local/bin/nvim
> nvim --version
NVIM v0.9.2
Build type: Release
LuaJIT 2.1.1692716794

   system vimrc file: "$VIM/sysinit.vim"
  fall-back for $VIM: "/__w/neovim/neovim/build/nvim.AppDir/usr/share/nvim"

Run :checkhealth for more info

nvimdots

IDE 的实现,按照 github 主页 README 的说明直接安装:

if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh)"
else
    bash -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh)"
fi

脚本会自动判断 neovim 版本并进行适配:

> bash -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh)"
--2024-05-24 15:32:21--  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh
Resolving raw.githubusercontent.com... 185.199.108.133, 185.199.109.133, 185.199.111.133, ...
Connecting to raw.githubusercontent.com|185.199.108.133|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 7830 (7.6K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘STDOUT’

-                                               100%[======================================================================================================>]   7.65K  6.79KB/s    in 1.1s

2024-05-24 15:32:25 (6.79 KB/s) - written to stdout [7830/7830]

==> This script will install ayamir/nvimdots to:
/home/users/yunhai01/.config/nvim

Press RETURN/ENTER to continue or any other key to abort...
==> Validating SSH connection...
Do you prefer to use SSH to fetch and update plugins? (otherwise HTTPS) [Y/n]:
==> Checking 'git clone' preferences...
Would you like to perform a shallow clone ('--depth=1')? [Y/n]:
==> Fetching in progress...
Cloning into '/home/users/yunhai01/.config/nvim'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 170, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (170/170), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (162/162), done.
remote: Total 170 (delta 5), reused 73 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (170/170), 108.87 KiB | 203.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5/5), done.
==> Spawning Neovim and fetching plugins... (You'll be redirected shortly)
==> NOTE: Please make sure you have a Rust Toolchain installed via `rustup`! Otherwise, unexpected things may
          happen. See: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install.

==> If lazy.nvim failed to fetch any plugin(s), maunally execute `:Lazy sync` until everything is up-to-date.

Thank you for using this set of configuration!
- Project Homepage:
    https://github.com/ayamir/nvimdots
- Further documentation (including executables you must install for full functionality):
    https://github.com/ayamir/nvimdots/wiki/Prerequisites

Press RETURN/ENTER to continue or any other key to abort...

执行过程中会让用户进行若干选项,都按默认处理就可以了。到这里所有必需软件就都安装完成了,按任意键将进入插件的安装,具体内容在下一节介绍。

安装后的目录位于:~/.config/nvim/。注意这里不要选择 neovim 0.8.1 (说的就是我),否则后面启动插件管理器时会报错:

Error executing Lua callback: ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:159: Vim(append):Error executing lua callback: ...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiter
s.lua:50: attempt to call field 'get_lang' (a nil value)
stack traceback:
        ...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiters.lua:50: in function 'attach'
        ...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiters.lua:151: in function <...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiters.lua:151>
        [C]: in function '__newindex'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:159: in function 'mount'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:75: in function 'init'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:53: in function 'create'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:38: in function 'show'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:38: in function 'command'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:24: in function 'cmd'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:111: in function <...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:98>
stack traceback:
        [C]: in function '__newindex'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:159: in function 'mount'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:75: in function 'init'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:53: in function 'create'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:38: in function 'show'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:38: in function 'command'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:24: in function 'cmd'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:111: in function <...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:98>

基本无解。

开发环境搭建

框架好比是毛坯房,想要入住还得“精装修”一下,主要是安装各种插件,以及本地化配置。

插件安装

同许多 IDE 一样,vim 很多功能是通过插件实现的,插件本身需要管理,这就催生了形形色色的插件管理器,知名的有 vim-plug、Vundle;vim 进化到 neovim 之后,有两个主要的插件管理器,一个是 packer,另一个是 lazy,两个都很好用,之前 nvimdots 使用的 packer,后来更新到了 lazy,可以有效的提升 neovim 的启动速度。

lazy

书接上节,在 nvimdots 安装结束后,按任意键将启动 nvim、自动拉起插件更新:

这个界面静静等待即可,最终都能安装成功:

在 lazy 插件管理页面,输入标签后面的字符可实现跳转,例如 U 跳转到更新插件页面。

也可以直接在命令行输入 :Lazy sync 来切换到 Sync 标签:

其它也类似,不再赘述。当所有插件安装结束后,q 退出界面。与原先的 packer 界面相比:

简直像从远古社会跨进到了现代社会。退出 lazy、退出 nvim,插件安装路径位于:~/.local/share/nvim 目录下。再次进入 nvim,将看到欢迎界面:

基本功能已经可用,有几个未安装的插件将继续安装。

mason

mason 也是一个插件管理器,聚焦于 lsp 服务、dap 服务、linter 和 formatter 方向,通过它可以让 nvim 轻松支持多种编程语言的智能化展示。通过 :Mason 启动:

可以观察到系统可用的语言插件、安装成功的、安装失败的,这里主要需要处理 2 个插件的安装。

clangd

从上面的日志可以看出,安装失败的原因主要是从网络获取 clangd 包失败,这里改为手动下载:

> wget https://github.com/clangd/clangd/releases/download/18.1.3/clangd-linux-18.1.3.zip
> mv clangd-linux-18.1.3.zip ~/.local/share/nvim/mason/packages
> cd ~/.local/share/nvim/mason/packages
> unzip clangd-linux-18.1.3.zip
> cd ../bin
> ln -s $PWD/../packages/clangd_18.1.3/bin/clangd clangd
> ./clangd --version
clangd version 18.1.3 (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project c13b7485b87909fcf739f62cfa382b55407433c0)
Features: linux+grpc
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

解压并替换到目标目录、设置命令软链接后,重启 nvim 查看:

安装成功,如果 nvim 仍显示安装 clangd,就多重启几次,甚至重启下机器。

clang-format

查看 clang-format 错误日志:

没看出来安装失败的直接原因,这里改为手动下载:

> wget -c https://github.com/muttleyxd/clang-tools-static-binaries/releases/download/master-1d7ec53d/clang-format-10_linux-amd64
> chmod u+x clang-format-10_linux-arm64
> mkdir -p ~/.local/share/nvim/mason/packages/clang-format/bin
> mv clang-format-10_linux-amd64 ~/.local/share/nvim/mason/packages/clang-format/bin
> cd ~/.local/share/nvim/mason/bin
> ln -s $PWD/../packages/clang-format/bin/clang-format-10_linux-amd64 clang-format
> ./clang-format --version
clang-format version 10.0.1

替换到目标目录、设置命令软链接后,重启 nvim 查看:

安装成功。如果想让 Mason 安装 clang-format,除了之前介绍的升级 python3 步骤外,还需要以下操作:

> sudo pip3 install wheel
# 进入 nvim
MasonInstall clang-format

最后还有两个插件 python-lsp-server & gopls 没安装成功,分别是 python 与 go 语言 lspserver,由于本文着重介绍 C/C++ 环境的搭建,这个偏离主题就不再赘述了,有需求的小伙伴可以在 nvimdots 中提问寻求帮助。

如果不想看到每次在启动时它们的报错信息,可以选择不加载它们,具体操作步骤详见配置一节。

配置

各种功能插件安装完成后,还需要修改化配置一番,为了方便调用 neovim,在 bash 启动脚本中增加以下内容:

alias vi=nvim
alias vim=nvim

这样就可以使用 vi 或 vim 代替 nvim 了,相当于替换了默认的 vim 编辑器,如果想调用原始的 vim 编辑器,需要输入完整路径:

> /usr/bin/vi

在进行配置之前,首先对 nvim 进行一次自我体验,这主要是通过 :checkhealth 命令来完成,下面是完整的 checkhealth 输出:

查看代码
 
==============================================================================
hop: require("hop.health").check()

Ensuring keys are unique ~
- OK Keys are unique

Checking for deprecated features ~
- OK All good

==============================================================================
lazy: require("lazy.health").check()

lazy.nvim ~
- OK Git installed
- OK no existing packages found by other package managers
- OK packer_compiled.lua not found

==============================================================================
lspsaga: require("lspsaga.health").check()

Lspsaga.nvim report ~
- OK `tree-sitter` found
- OK tree-sitter `markdown` parser found
- OK tree-sitter `markdown_inline` parser found

==============================================================================
luasnip: require("luasnip.health").check()

luasnip ~
- WARNING             For Variable/Placeholder-transformations, luasnip requires
  the jsregexp library. See `:help |luasnip-lsp-snippets-transformations`| for advice


==============================================================================
mason: require("mason.health").check()

mason.nvim ~
- OK mason.nvim version v1.10.0
- OK PATH: prepend
- OK Providers:
  mason.providers.registry-api
  mason.providers.client
- OK neovim version >= 0.7.0

mason.nvim [Registries] ~
- OK Registry `github.com/mason-org/mason-registry version: 2024-06-07-fast-test` is installed.

mason.nvim [Core utils] ~
- OK unzip: `UnZip 6.00 of 20 April 2009, by Info-ZIP.  Maintained by C. Spieler.  Send`
- OK wget: `GNU Wget 1.24.5 built on linux-gnu.`
- OK curl: `curl 7.87.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-muslx32) libcurl/7.87.0 OpenSSL/1.1.1s zlib/1.2.12 libssh2/1.9.0 nghttp2/1.43.0`
- OK gzip: `gzip 1.5`
- OK gtar: `tar (GNU tar) 1.26`
- OK bash: `GNU bash, version 4.2.46(2)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)`
- OK sh: `Ok`

mason.nvim [Languages] ~
- WARNING luarocks: not available
  - ADVICE:
    - spawn: luarocks failed with exit code - and signal -. luarocks is not executable
- WARNING Ruby: not available
  - ADVICE:
    - spawn: ruby failed with exit code - and signal -. ruby is not executable
- WARNING RubyGem: not available
  - ADVICE:
    - spawn: gem failed with exit code - and signal -. gem is not executable
- WARNING Composer: not available
  - ADVICE:
    - spawn: composer failed with exit code - and signal -. composer is not executable
- WARNING PHP: not available
  - ADVICE:
    - spawn: php failed with exit code - and signal -. php is not executable
- OK node: `v16.18.1`
- OK cargo: `cargo 1.72.1`
- WARNING julia: not available
  - ADVICE:
    - spawn: julia failed with exit code - and signal -. julia is not executable
- OK Go: `go version go1.20.12 linux/amd64`
- OK python: `Python 3.6.8`
- OK java: `openjdk version "1.8.0_322"`
- OK pip: `pip 9.0.3 from /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)`
- OK python venv: `Ok`
- OK javac: `Ok`
- OK npm: `8.19.2`

mason.nvim [GitHub] ~
- OK GitHub API rate limit. Used: 1. Remaining: 59. Limit: 60. Reset: Fri 07 Jun 2024 04:40:44 PM CST.
  Install and authenticate via gh-cli to increase rate limit.

==============================================================================
neoconf: require("neoconf.health").check()

neoconf.nvim ~
- OK **treesitter-nvim** is installed
- OK **TreeSitter jsonc** parser is installed
- WARNING **neodev.nvim** is not installed. You won't get any proper completion for your Neovim config.
- OK **lspconfig** is installed
- OK **lspconfig jsonls** is installed
- OK **lspconfig lua_ls** is installed

==============================================================================
null-ls: require("null-ls.health").check()

- OK clang_format: the command "clang-format" is executable.
- OK prettier: the command "prettier" is executable.
- OK gofumpt: the command "gofumpt" is executable.
- OK shfmt: the command "shfmt" is executable.
- OK stylua: the command "stylua" is executable.
- OK vint: the command "vint" is executable.
- OK goimports: the command "goimports" is executable.

==============================================================================
nvim: require("nvim.health").check()

Configuration ~
- OK no issues found

Runtime ~
- OK $VIMRUNTIME: /ext/tools/squashfs-root/usr/share/nvim/runtime

Performance ~
- OK Build type: Release

Remote Plugins ~
- WARNING "wilder.nvim" is not registered.
- WARNING Out of date
  - ADVICE:
    - Run `:UpdateRemotePlugins`

terminal ~
- key_backspace (kbs) terminfo entry: `key_backspace=\177`
- key_dc (kdch1) terminfo entry: `key_dc=\E[3~`
- $SSH_TTY="/dev/pts/0"

==============================================================================
nvim-treesitter: require("nvim-treesitter.health").check()

Installation ~
- OK `tree-sitter` found 0.20.4 (714bfd47a744ab44b904375c177a24c0614ef49c) (parser generator, only needed for :TSInstallFromGrammar)
- OK `node` found v16.18.1 (only needed for :TSInstallFromGrammar)
- OK `git` executable found.
- OK `cc` executable found. Selected from { vim.NIL, "cc", "gcc", "clang", "cl", "zig" }
  Version: cc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
- OK Neovim was compiled with tree-sitter runtime ABI version 14 (required >=13). Parsers must be compatible with runtime ABI.

OS Info:
{
  machine = "x86_64",
  release = "3.10.0-1160.21.1.el7.x86_64",
  sysname = "Linux",
  version = "#1 SMP Tue Mar 16 18:28:22 UTC 2021"
} ~

Parser/Features         H L F I J
  - bash                ✓ ✓ ✓ . ✓
  - c                   ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - cpp                 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - css                 ✓ . ✓ ✓ ✓
  - go                  ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - gomod               ✓ . . . ✓
  - html                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - javascript          ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - json                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ .
  - jsonc               ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - latex               ✓ . ✓ . ✓
  - lua                 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - make                ✓ . ✓ . ✓
  - markdown            ✓ . ✓ ✓ ✓
  - markdown_inline     ✓ . . . ✓
  - python              ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - query               ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - rust                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - typescript          ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - vim                 ✓ ✓ ✓ . ✓
  - vimdoc              ✓ . . . ✓
  - vue                 ✓ . ✓ ✓ ✓
  - yaml                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

  Legend: H[ighlight], L[ocals], F[olds], I[ndents], In[j]ections
         +) multiple parsers found, only one will be used
         x) errors found in the query, try to run :TSUpdate {lang} ~

==============================================================================
provider: health#provider#check

Clipboard (optional) ~
- WARNING No clipboard tool found. Clipboard registers (`"+` and `"*`) will not work.
  - ADVICE:
    - :help |clipboard|

Python 3 provider (optional) ~
- Using: g:python3_host_prog = "python3"
- Executable: /usr/bin/python3
- ERROR Command error (job=16, exit code 1): `'/usr/bin/python3' -c 'import sys; sys.path = [p for p in sys.path if p != ""]; import neovim; print(neovim.__file__)'` (in '/home/users/yunhai01/project/baidu/netdisk/p2p-sdk-mobile')
  stderr: Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'neovim'
- Python version: 3.6.8
- pynvim version: unable to load neovim Python module
- ERROR pynvim is not installed.
  Error: unable to load neovim Python module
  - ADVICE:
    - Run in shell: /usr/bin/python3 -m pip install pynvim

Python virtualenv ~
- OK no $VIRTUAL_ENV

Ruby provider (optional) ~
- WARNING `ruby` and `gem` must be in $PATH.
  - ADVICE:
    - Install Ruby and verify that `ruby` and `gem` commands work.

Node.js provider (optional) ~
- Node.js: v16.18.1
- WARNING Missing "neovim" npm (or yarn, pnpm) package.
  - ADVICE:
    - Run in shell: npm install -g neovim
    - Run in shell (if you use yarn): yarn global add neovim
    - Run in shell (if you use pnpm): pnpm install -g neovim
    - You may disable this provider (and warning) by adding `let g:loaded_node_provider = 0` to your init.vim

Perl provider (optional) ~
- WARNING Perl version is too old, 5.22+ required
  - ADVICE:
    - See :help |provider-perl| for more information.
    - You may disable this provider (and warning) by adding `let g:loaded_perl_provider = 0` to your init.vim

==============================================================================
rainbow-delimiters: require("rainbow-delimiters.health").check()

Custom strategies ~
- OK Valid custom default strategy.
- OK Valid custom strategy for 'vim'.
- OK Valid custom strategy for 'lua'.
- OK Valid custom strategy for 'cpp'.
- OK Valid custom strategy for 'vimdoc'.
- OK Valid custom strategy for 'c'.

Custom queries ~
- OK Valid custom default query
- OK Valid custom query for 'javascript'
- OK Valid custom query for 'latex'

Custom highlight groups ~
- OK Highlight group 'RainbowDelimiterRed' defined.
- OK Highlight group 'RainbowDelimiterOrange' defined.
- OK Highlight group 'RainbowDelimiterYellow' defined.
- OK Highlight group 'RainbowDelimiterGreen' defined.
- OK Highlight group 'RainbowDelimiterBlue' defined.
- OK Highlight group 'RainbowDelimiterCyan' defined.
- OK Highlight group 'RainbowDelimiterViolet' defined.

==============================================================================
telescope: require("telescope.health").check()

Checking for required plugins ~
- OK plenary installed.
- OK nvim-treesitter installed.

Checking external dependencies ~
- OK rg: found ripgrep 13.0.0
- OK fd: found fd 8.5.3

===== Installed extensions ===== ~

Telescope Extension: `aerial` ~
- No healthcheck provided

Telescope Extension: `frecency` ~
- OK nvim-web-devicons installed.
- OK ripgrep installed.

Telescope Extension: `fzf` ~
- OK lib working as expected
- OK file_sorter correctly configured
- OK generic_sorter correctly configured

Telescope Extension: `live_grep_args` ~
- No healthcheck provided

Telescope Extension: `notify` ~
- No healthcheck provided

Telescope Extension: `persisted` ~
- No healthcheck provided

Telescope Extension: `projects` ~
- No healthcheck provided

Telescope Extension: `undo` ~
- No healthcheck provided

Telescope Extension: `zoxide` ~
- No healthcheck provided

==============================================================================
vim.lsp: require("vim.lsp.health").check()

- LSP log level : WARN
- Log path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/state/nvim/lsp.log
- Log size: 54 KB

vim.lsp: Active Clients ~
- clangd (id=1, root_dir=/home/users/yunhai01/project/baidu/netdisk/p2p-sdk-mobile)
- null-ls (id=2, root_dir=/home/users/yunhai01/project/baidu/netdisk/p2p-sdk-mobile/project/src)
- copilot (id=3, root_dir=/home/users/yunhai01/project/baidu/netdisk/p2p-sdk-mobile/project/src)

==============================================================================
vim.treesitter: require("vim.treesitter.health").check()

- Nvim runtime ABI version: 14
- OK Parser: bash       ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/bash.so
- OK Parser: c          ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/c.so
- OK Parser: cpp        ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/cpp.so
- OK Parser: css        ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/css.so
- OK Parser: go         ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/go.so
- OK Parser: gomod      ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/gomod.so
- OK Parser: html       ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/html.so
- OK Parser: javascript ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/javascript.so
- OK Parser: json       ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/json.so
- OK Parser: jsonc      ABI: 13, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/jsonc.so
- OK Parser: latex      ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/latex.so
- OK Parser: lua        ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/lua.so
- OK Parser: make       ABI: 13, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/make.so
- OK Parser: markdown   ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/markdown.so
- OK Parser: markdown_inline ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/markdown_inline.so
- OK Parser: python     ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/python.so
- OK Parser: rust       ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/rust.so
- OK Parser: typescript ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/typescript.so
- OK Parser: vimdoc     ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/vimdoc.so
- OK Parser: vue        ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/vue.so
- OK Parser: yaml       ABI: 14, path: /home/users/yunhai01/.local/share/nvim/site/lazy/nvim-treesitter/parser/yaml.so
- OK Parser: c          ABI: 14, path: /ext/tools/squashfs-root/usr/lib/nvim/parser/c.so
- OK Parser: lua        ABI: 14, path: /ext/tools/squashfs-root/usr/lib/nvim/parser/lua.so
- OK Parser: query      ABI: 14, path: /ext/tools/squashfs-root/usr/lib/nvim/parser/query.so
- OK Parser: vim        ABI: 14, path: /ext/tools/squashfs-root/usr/lib/nvim/parser/vim.so
- OK Parser: vimdoc     ABI: 14, path: /ext/tools/squashfs-root/usr/lib/nvim/parser/vimdoc.so

==============================================================================
which-key: require("which-key.health").check()

- ERROR Failed to run healthcheck for "which-key" plugin. Exception:
  function health#check, line 25
  Vim(eval):E5108: Error executing lua ...are/nvim/site/lazy/which-key.nvim/lua/which-key/keys.lua:406: Invalid buffer id: 97
  stack traceback:
  [C]: in function 'nvim_buf_get_keymap'
  ...are/nvim/site/lazy/which-key.nvim/lua/which-key/keys.lua:406: in function 'update_keymaps'
  ...e/nvim/site/lazy/which-key.nvim/lua/which-key/health.lua:15: in function 'check'
  [string "luaeval()"]:1: in main chunk

如果有插件工作不正常、老报警告框,可以通过自检发现一些问题。

主题

启动后默认的黑色背景看着黑乎乎的不够亮快,通过快捷键 (SPACE + f + c) 调出主题切换页:

这里选择 catppuccin-latte:

好多了。不过重启后就又恢复默认了,需要修改以下 lua 配置 (~/.config/nvim/lua/core/settings.lua):

...
-- Set the colorscheme to use here.
-- Available values are: `catppuccin`, `catppuccin-latte`, `catppucin-mocha`, `catppuccin-frappe`, `catppuccin-macchiato`.
---@type string
settings["colorscheme"] = "catppuccin"

-- Set it to true if your terminal has transparent background.
---@type boolean
settings["transparent_background"] = false

-- Set background color to use here.
-- Useful if you would like to use a colorscheme that has a light and dark variant like `edge`.
-- Valid values are: `dark`, `light`.
---@type "dark"|"light"
settings["background"] = "dark"
...

本来是想改 colorscheme 选项的,后来发现有个 background = dark,尝试将这个改为 light 试试,重启后默认主题自动切换为 catppuccin-latte 了,下面是主题实时切换的效果:

2 核 CPU 切换有点费劲,毕竟是老旧机器,将就看吧~

状态栏

上一节中切换主题时,好多 scheme 套件的状态栏展示有问题,黑乎乎的一块显示不清楚,这是由于状态栏使用的插件 lualine 有自己的主题,需要单独设置,由于 lualine 属于插件,它们的配置文件位置稍有不同 (~/.config/nvim/lua/modules/configs/ui/lualine.lua):

...
	local function custom_theme()
		vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("ColorScheme", {
			group = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup("LualineColorScheme", { clear = true }),
			pattern = "*",
			callback = function()
				has_catppuccin = vim.g.colors_name:find("catppuccin") ~= nil
				require("lualine").setup({ options = { theme = custom_theme() } })
			end,
		})
...

主要修改 require("lualine").setup 一行中 theme = 的值即可,可供选择的值参考这篇。从代码上看,对于 catppuccin-* 主题,会做状态栏的同步,所以相对要好一些,可以无脑选择。

目前 nvimdots 对老旧系统的支持已经不错了,早先我设置 blue 主题时,状态栏是这个样子:

根本没法看,通过设置 lualine 主题为 onenight 解决了这个问题:

目前已经不需要单独进行设置了。

快捷键

nvimdots 提供了很丰富的快捷键支持,一般都是三键组合,例如 <leader>+f+w 进入关键字搜索,其中 <leader> 是可定义的,目前默认为空格键。

通过 :verbose nmap 可以查看所有的键映射:

想看单独的键可以在后面增加参数,例如输入 :verbose nmap gD

常用的 gD、gd、gh、gf、gr、K 都有说明。自定义的键映射位于:~/.config/nvim/lua/core/mapping.lua

local bind = require("keymap.bind")
local map_cr = bind.map_cr
local map_cu = bind.map_cu
local map_cmd = bind.map_cmd
local map_callback = bind.map_callback

local core_map = {
	-- Suckless
	["n|<S-Tab>"] = map_cr("normal za"):with_noremap():with_silent():with_desc("edit: Toggle code fold"),
	["n|<C-s>"] = map_cu("write"):with_noremap():with_silent():with_desc("edit: Save file"),
	["n|Y"] = map_cmd("y$"):with_desc("edit: Yank text to EOL"),
	["n|D"] = map_cmd("d$"):with_desc("edit: Delete text to EOL"),
	["n|n"] = map_cmd("nzzzv"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Next search result"),
	["n|N"] = map_cmd("Nzzzv"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Prev search result"),
	["n|J"] = map_cmd("mzJ`z"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Join next line"),
	["n|<Esc>"] = map_callback(function()
			_flash_esc_or_noh()
		end)
		:with_noremap()
		:with_silent()
		:with_desc("edit: Clear search highlight"),
	["n|<C-h>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>h"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus left"),
	["n|<C-l>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>l"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus right"),
	["n|<C-j>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>j"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus down"),
	["n|<C-k>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>k"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus up"),
	["t|<C-w>h"] = map_cmd("<Cmd>wincmd h<CR>"):with_silent():with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus left"),
	["t|<C-w>l"] = map_cmd("<Cmd>wincmd l<CR>"):with_silent():with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus right"),
	["t|<C-w>j"] = map_cmd("<Cmd>wincmd j<CR>"):with_silent():with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus down"),
	["t|<C-w>k"] = map_cmd("<Cmd>wincmd k<CR>"):with_silent():with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus up"),
	["n|<A-h>"] = map_cr("vertical resize -3"):with_silent():with_desc("window: Resize -3 vertically"),
	["n|<A-l>"] = map_cr("vertical resize +3"):with_silent():with_desc("window: Resize +3 vertically"),
	["n|<A-j>"] = map_cr("resize -3"):with_silent():with_desc("window: Resize -3 horizontally"),
	["n|<A-k>"] = map_cr("resize +3"):with_silent():with_desc("window: Resize +3 horizontally"),
	["n|<C-q>"] = map_cr("wq"):with_desc("edit: Save file and quit"),
	["n|<A-S-q>"] = map_cr("q!"):with_desc("edit: Force quit"),
	["n|<leader>o"] = map_cr("setlocal spell! spelllang=en_us"):with_desc("edit: Toggle spell check"),
	["n|tn"] = map_cr("tabnew"):with_noremap():with_silent():with_desc("tab: Create a new tab"),
	["n|tk"] = map_cr("tabnext"):with_noremap():with_silent():with_desc("tab: Move to next tab"),
	["n|tj"] = map_cr("tabprevious"):with_noremap():with_silent():with_desc("tab: Move to previous tab"),
	["n|to"] = map_cr("tabonly"):with_noremap():with_silent():with_desc("tab: Only keep current tab"),
	-- Insert mode
	["i|<C-u>"] = map_cmd("<C-G>u<C-U>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Delete previous block"),
	["i|<C-b>"] = map_cmd("<Left>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Move cursor to left"),
	["i|<C-a>"] = map_cmd("<ESC>^i"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Move cursor to line start"),
	["i|<C-s>"] = map_cmd("<Esc>:w<CR>"):with_desc("edit: Save file"),
	["i|<C-q>"] = map_cmd("<Esc>:wq<CR>"):with_desc("edit: Save file and quit"),
	-- Command mode
	["c|<C-b>"] = map_cmd("<Left>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Left"),
	["c|<C-f>"] = map_cmd("<Right>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Right"),
	["c|<C-a>"] = map_cmd("<Home>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Home"),
	["c|<C-e>"] = map_cmd("<End>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: End"),
	["c|<C-d>"] = map_cmd("<Del>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Delete"),
	["c|<C-h>"] = map_cmd("<BS>"):with_noremap():with_desc("edit: Backspace"),
	["c|<C-t>"] = map_cmd([[<C-R>=expand("%:p:h") . "/" <CR>]])
		:with_noremap()
		:with_desc("edit: Complete path of current file"),
	-- Visual mode
	["v|J"] = map_cmd(":m '>+1<CR>gv=gv"):with_desc("edit: Move this line down"),
	["v|K"] = map_cmd(":m '<-2<CR>gv=gv"):with_desc("edit: Move this line up"),
	["v|<"] = map_cmd("<gv"):with_desc("edit: Decrease indent"),
	["v|>"] = map_cmd(">gv"):with_desc("edit: Increase indent"),
}

bind.nvim_load_mapping(core_map)

这里有两个键是我之前用习惯的:Ctrl+j 向上移屏一行、Ctrl+k 向下移屏一行。vim 将这两个键映射到了 Ctrl+e 和 Ctrl+y,一直觉得用着不太顺手,可以手动添加:

:nmap <C-j> <C-e>
:nmap <C-k> <C-y>

然而重启 nvim 后就不起作用了。可以在上面的配置文件中加入以下内容实现永久修改:

    -- Move Up/Down
    ["n|<C-h>"] = map_cmd("<C-e>"),
    ["n|<C-l>"] = map_cmd("<C-y>"),
    ["n|<C-k>"] = map_cmd("<C-y>"):with_noremap(),
    ["n|<C-j>"] = map_cmd("<C-e>"):with_noremap(),

注意由于 Ctrl+h/j/k/l 已被 nvimdots 挪为它用,为防止热键冲突,需要将之前的注释掉:

	-- ["n|<C-h>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>h"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus left"),
	-- ["n|<C-l>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>l"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus right"),
	-- ["n|<C-j>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>j"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus down"),
	-- ["n|<C-k>"] = map_cmd("<C-w>k"):with_noremap():with_desc("window: Focus up"),

看起来是用于窗口切换 (Ctrl+w+h/j/k/l) 了,感觉没啥必要。注意看 Ctrl+j 与 Ctrl+h、Ctrl+k 与 Ctrl+l 只相差了一个 :with_noremap(),这个能起什么作用?看下面这个演示就清楚了:

加了了 :with_noremap() 的,会上下滑动多行,实现按更少的键的目的。

PS:目前在新版本的 nvimdots 上,新增的键还是不起作用,目前还没有精力研究,回头研究通了再更新一波~

编程语言支持

相比于主流的 IDE 只能支持若干编程语言,neovim+nvimdots 搭建的 IDE 更加强大,可以轻松支持几十种语言,是冷门语言开发者的福音。输入 :LspInfo 查看已安装的语言服务:

这是 nvimdots 的默认配置,可以通过修改配置文件来增加或删除语言服务 (~/.config/nvim/lua/core/settings.lua):

...
-- Set the language servers that will be installed during bootstrap here.
-- check the below link for all the supported LSPs:
-- https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lspconfig/tree/master/lua/lspconfig/server_configurations
---@type string[]
settings["lsp_deps"] = {
	"bashls",
	"clangd",
	"html",
	"jsonls",
	"lua_ls",
	"pylsp",
	"gopls",
}

-- Set the general-purpose servers that will be installed during bootstrap here.
-- Check the below link for all supported sources.
-- in `code_actions`, `completion`, `diagnostics`, `formatting`, `hover` folders:
-- https://github.com/nvimtools/none-ls.nvim/tree/main/lua/null-ls/builtins
---@type string[]
settings["null_ls_deps"] = {
	"clang_format",
	"gofumpt",
	"goimports",
	"prettier",
	"shfmt",
	"stylua",
	"vint",
}

-- Set the Debug Adapter Protocol (DAP) clients that will be installed and configured during bootstrap here.
-- Check the below link for all supported DAPs:
-- https://github.com/jay-babu/mason-nvim-dap.nvim/blob/main/lua/mason-nvim-dap/mappings/source.lua
---@type string[]
settings["dap_deps"] = {
	"codelldb", -- C-Family
	"delve", -- Go
	"python", -- Python (debugpy)
}
...

主要就是修改 lsp_deps 数组了。例如对于不需要且没有安装成功的 pylsp 和 gopls,直接删除之。重启 nvim 后,不再报烦人的警告了。

另外 checkhealth 中也有 tree-sitter 支持的语言列表:

Parser/Features         H L F I J
  - bash                ✓ ✓ ✓ . ✓
  - c                   ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - cpp                 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - css                 ✓ . ✓ ✓ ✓
  - go                  ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - gomod               ✓ . . . ✓
  - html                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - javascript          ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - json                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ .
  - jsonc               ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - latex               ✓ . ✓ . ✓
  - lua                 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - make                ✓ . ✓ . ✓
  - markdown            ✓ . ✓ ✓ ✓
  - markdown_inline     ✓ . . . ✓
  - python              ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - query               ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - rust                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - typescript          ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
  - vim                 ✓ ✓ ✓ . ✓
  - vimdoc              ✓ . . . ✓
  - vue                 ✓ . ✓ ✓ ✓
  - yaml                ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

  Legend: H[ighlight], L[ocals], F[olds], I[ndents], In[j]ections
         +) multiple parsers found, only one will be used
         x) errors found in the query, try to run :TSUpdate {lang} ~

每列为一个功能点,每行为一种语言,全打勾表示所有功能在线。

保存时美化

各种 formatter 设置好了不用岂不可惜,所以 nvimdots 默认的行为是关闭文件自动使用对应语言的 formatter 进行格式美化。然而在浏览第三方库文件或其它开源库代码时,这么做就有点画蛇添足了,通过 FormatToggle 可以关闭默认选项,然而重启 nvim 后又会自动打开,因此需要修改配置文件 (~/.config/nvim/lua/core/settings.lua):

...
-- Set it to false if there are no need to format on save.
---@type boolean
settings["format_on_save"] = true

-- Set it to false if the notification after formatting is annoying.
---@type boolean
settings["format_notify"] = true

-- Set it to true if you prefer formatting ONLY the *changed lines* as defined by your version control system.
-- NOTE: This entry will only be respected if:
--  > The buffer to be formatted is under version control (Git or Mercurial);
--  > Any of the server attached to that buffer supports |DocumentRangeFormattingProvider| server capability.
-- Otherwise Neovim would fall back to format the whole buffer, and a warning will be issued.
---@type boolean
settings["format_modifications_only"] = false

-- Set the format disabled directories here, files under these dirs won't be formatted on save.
--- NOTE: Directories may contain regular expressions (grammar: vim). |regexp|
--- NOTE: Directories are automatically normalized. |vim.fs.normalize()|
---@type string[]
settings["format_disabled_dirs"] = {
	-- Example
	"~/format_disabled_dir",
}
...

format_on_save 改为 false 即可。

效果

至此基于 neovim 的 IDE 就搭建完成了,在正式开始演试之前,需要为 efm-langserver 插件生成一份代码编译清单:compile_commands.json。

compile_commands

这个文件的内容是实际传递给编译器的命令行,包括各种参数:

...
{
  "directory": "/ext/code/transmission/build/libtransmission",
  "command": "/opt/compiler/gcc-8.2/bin/g++  -DCURL_STATICLIB -DFMT_EXCEPTIONS=0 -DFMT_HEADER_ONLY=1 -DHAVE_FALLOCATE64 -DHAVE_FLOCK -DHAVE_GETMNTENT -DHAVE_GETTEXT -DHAVE_LIBINTL_H -DHAVE_MKDTEMP -DHAVE_NGETTEXT -DHAVE_POSIX_FADVISE -DHAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE -DHAVE_PREAD -DHAVE_PWRITE -DHAVE_SENDFILE64 -DHAVE_SO_REUSEPORT=1 -DHAVE_STATVFS -DHAVE_SYS_STATVFS_H -DHAVE_XLOCALE_H -DMINIUPNP_STATICLIB -DNATPMP_STATICLIB -DPACKAGE_DATA_DIR=\\\"/usr/local/share\\\" -DPOSIX -DSYSTEM_MINIUPNP -DWIDE_INTEGER_DISABLE_FLOAT_INTEROP -DWIDE_INTEGER_DISABLE_IOSTREAM -DWITH_INOTIFY -DWITH_UTP -D__TRANSMISSION__ -I/ext/code/transmission/build/libtransmission -I/ext/code/transmission/third-party/libutp/include -I/ext/code/transmission/third-party/libb64/include -I/ext/code/transmission/third-party/jsonsl -I/ext/code/transmission/third-party/wildmat -isystem /ext/code/transmission/build/third-party/libdeflate.bld/pfx/include -isystem /usr/local/include -isystem /ext/code/transmission/cmake/../third-party/fast_float/include -isystem /ext/code/transmission/build/third-party/libpsl.bld/pfx/include -isystem /ext/code/transmission/build/third-party/libnatpmp.bld/pfx/include -isystem /ext/code/transmission/build/third-party/miniupnpc.bld/pfx/include -isystem /ext/code/transmission/build/third-party/dht.bld/pfx/include -isystem /ext/code/transmission/cmake/../third-party/utfcpp/source -isystem /ext/code/transmission/cmake/../third-party/wide-integer -isystem /ext/code/transmission/cmake/../third-party/fmt/include -isystem /ext/code/transmission/build/third-party/libevent.bld/pfx/include  -O3 -DNDEBUG   -fPIC -W -Wall -Wextra -Wcast-align -Wduplicated-cond -Wextra-semi -Wfloat-equal -Winit-self -Wint-in-bool-context -Wlogical-op -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wnull-dereference -Wpointer-arith -Wredundant-decls -Wrestrict -Wshadow -Wsign-compare -Wsuggest-override -Wuninitialized -Wunreachable-code -Wunused -Wunused-const-variable -Wunused-parameter -Wunused-result -Wwrite-strings -std=gnu++17 -o CMakeFiles/transmission.dir/session.cc.o -c /ext/code/transmission/libtransmission/session.cc",
  "file": "/ext/code/transmission/libtransmission/session.cc"
},
...

如此,efm-langserver 等语言服务,就能借助这里的信息,更好的理解代码,例如哪些预处理中的代码是生效的,从而更好的实现符号跳转与补全等功能。这类清单也用于 ccls、VSCode 等 IDE 中,并不是 efm-langserver 专属的。一般项目本身并不包含这类清单,需要单独生成一下,下面分项目类型分别介绍。

  • cmake:cmake -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=1 .
  • make:bear make
  • Android NDK
    • ndk-build GEN_COMPILE_COMMANDS_DB=true
    • bear ndk-build
  • ninja:ninja -f out/combined-kona.ninja -t compdb | tee ./compile_commands.json
  • ...

cmake、ninja 支持的比较好,NDK 算 make 的一种,也有自己的选项可以设置,对于最原始的 make,只能借助于 bear 命令了,另外 ndk-build 也可以基于这种方式生成。

bear

bear 是一个用来生成包含编译时选项的数据库的工具。 通常它将输出文件 compile_commands.json ,可以供给例如 vscode 中的 Microsoft C/C++ 插件或者 vim 中的 YouCompleteMe 插件使用,让插件可以正确的解析当前 C++ 源文件的各种依赖信息,例如头文件包含路径。

在 CentOS 上默认没有这个命令,需要安装一下,默认的 yum 源没有,需要源码安装:

wget https://github.com/rizsotto/Bear/archive/refs/tags/2.4.4.zip
unzip 2.4.4.zip
cd Bear-2.4.4
mkdir build; cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

安装过程也比较简单,CentOS7 适合老一点的版本,2.4.4 实测可用。

transmission

下面用一个 BitTorrent 网络传输方面很知名的开源库 tranmission 从头到尾做个测试。

git clone --recurse-submodules git@github.com:firedgirl/transmission.git transmission
cd transmission
git checkout -b 4.0.x origin/4.0.x
mkdir build; cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=1 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/compiler/gcc-8.2/bin/g++ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/compiler/gcc-8.2/bin/gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,/opt/compiler/gcc-8.2/lib64 -I /usr/local/include" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .. 
make -j8

注意添加到 cmake 中的 -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=1 选项,他的作用和 bear 是一致的。项目编译完成后,将在根目录生成一个 compile_commands.json 文件,内容比较多就不展示了,感兴趣的可以看这个链接

将它移动到项目根目录,打开 neovim,就可以像 VSCode 一样浏览啦。上面的 transmission 只是一个例子,可以更换为任意 c/c++ 开源库。有的平台不支持 compile_commands.json 的生成,此时符号跳转就没那么准了,不过文件内的一些函数定义跳转还是支持的。

功能展示

自动补全

这里演示的是成员变量与成员函数,其它像普通变量、函数调用什么的也都能自动补全。

字符串查找

Telescope 插件,底层基于 fzf & rg,快捷键 SPACE + f + w 调出。缺点有以下几点

  • 多次查询一个关键字不便,需要每次输入关键词且从头开始遍历
  • 跳转到某个文件再查找,会局限查找范围为文件当前所在目录

对于第二个问题,在老版本上通过修改配置可以修复,具体修改 ~/.config/nvim/lua/core/event.lua:

{ "BufEnter", "*", "silent! lcd %:p:h" },

将上面这行注释掉即可。但是目前新版本,这个配置不见了,目前还没有抽出精力来研究。

符号跳转

上图演示了几种典型的跳转场景:

  • gD:声明、调用点跳转定义
  • K:提示定义
  • gd:小窗显示定义

除了 c++ 中的虚函数都能比较好的进行处理,虚函数由于是运行时才能确定调用哪个实现,这里跳不过去也情有可原,但是如果能将备选的实现列出来让用户自己选择,就更好了。

上面的动图,展示的是 gh 命令查找所有调用点,在弹出的浮窗中,右侧按文件列出所有调用点,进入文件下面每个调用点时,左侧可以预览,回车时跳转到调用点。大部分时间可用,有时一些符号找不到,就得使用之前的字符串查找了。

h/cpp 文件切换

ClangdSwitchSourceHeaderVSplit,基于 clangd,快捷键 SPACE + h 调出,同级别的还可以使用 ClangdSwitchSourceHeader & ClangdSwitchSourceHeaderSplit,前者直接替换当前 buffer,后者是横向分屏,可以让 SPACE + h 指向其中任何一个,看个人偏好。头文件可以不必和 cpp 在同一个目录,这个插件一样可以找到。

后记

第一次入坑  neovm + nvimdots 是 2022.11 的事情了,最近有新机器了又在 2024.07 搞了一次,发现nvimdots 有很大更新,以至于之前的一些快捷键、UI 发生了变化,一些移植经验也已经不适用了,虽然一度很懵逼,但这是一件好事,说明 neovim + 基于 lua 的插件配置正在蓬勃发展,现在写出来的文字,可能过一两年又面目全非了。总归来说,现在这条路是对的,比那些还在坚守 vim + gtags + cscope + YouCompleteMe… 老路的要强大太多了,现在网上这方面的资料,远远跟不上开源社区的进步速度,毫不夸张的说,关于 vim 搭建现代化 IDE 的文章,只要超过五年以上,就是老古董了,除非研究技术发展历史,否则没必要深究。

基于 lua 的 neovim 配置还有很多,nvimdots 只是其中的一个,其实他们采用的基础插件是相通的,像 Lazy、Mason、Lsp 等等,这种项目像一个粘合剂,将各种零散的小插件整合在一起,达到用户开箱即用的效果,免去了很多插件搜索的过程,各位有使用的好的项目,也可以在留言区分享哈~

关于 nvimdots 的任何使用问题都可以在 Issue 页面提问,之前我在这里提的一些问题,很快就有人回复,一些不错的建议还得到了采纳,成就感满满!总之,除了一帮子中国人在那飙英文有点受不了,其它都还好😅。

参考

[1]. Linux(Ubuntu/CentOS) 下查看 GLIBC 版本

[2]. 升级glibc至2.18

[3]. 通过ipaddress更新github的hostsIP

[4]. Can one set std=c99 in GCC as a default? [duplicate]

[5]. yum安装指定版本软件包

[6]. The Cargo Book

[7]. 5分钟搞懂用户空间文件系统FUSE工作原理

[8]. ayamir/nvimdots

[9]. Neovim 代码高亮插件 nvim-treesitter 的安装与配置

[10]. lazy-nvim插件管理器基础入门

[11]. neovim入门指南(一):基础配置

[12]. 我的现代化Neovim配置

[13]. 详解nvim内建LSP体系与基于nvim-cmp的代码补全体系

[14]. CentOS7 使用脚本安装后插件一直报下载失败 #326

[15]. CentOS7 安装后 scheme 无法保存

[16]. gd/D 不能跳转到定义

[17]. change theme can't change status line theme

[18]. how to disable FormatOnSave permanently?

[19]. How can I map C-j to C-e in lua

[20]. 生成compile_commands.json文件

[21]. Android C++ 生成 compile_commands.json

[22]. Bear 2.4.4 精简版

[23]. How can I traverse functions with jump list?

 

From:https://www.cnblogs.com/goodcitizen/p/18197750/build_development_environment_for_cpp_on_old_linux_by_neovim
本文地址: http://www.shuzixingkong.net/article/622
0评论
提交 加载更多评论
其他文章 关于计算机图形学的一些介绍(一)基本要素与空间变换
写在前面 笔者前段时间开启了一个新的系列《Wgpu图文详解》,在编写的过程中,发现使用wgpu只是应用层面的内容。要想很好的介绍wgpu,不得不将图形学中的一些理论知识进行讲解。但是放在《Wgpu图文详解》这个系列里又有点喧宾夺主之意,所以决定单独用另一个系列来放置关于图形学的一些内容。另外,本系列
关于计算机图形学的一些介绍(一)基本要素与空间变换 关于计算机图形学的一些介绍(一)基本要素与空间变换 关于计算机图形学的一些介绍(一)基本要素与空间变换
.NET 开源快捷的数据库文档查询和生成工具
前言 在实际项目开发中,需求变更和项目迭代是常态。要求我们能够迅速响应,对数据库结构进行相应的调整,如添加新表、更新现有表结构或增加字段等。 为了确保团队成员之间的信息同步,实时更新和维护数据库文档变得至关重要。这不仅提升了数据库的可读性,也极大提高了开发效率和团队协作的流畅性。 SmartSQL,
.NET 开源快捷的数据库文档查询和生成工具 .NET 开源快捷的数据库文档查询和生成工具 .NET 开源快捷的数据库文档查询和生成工具
golang对遍历目录操作的优化
一转眼go1.23都快发布了,时间过得真快。 不过今天我们把时间倒流回三年半之前,来关注一个在go1.16引入的关于处理目录时的优化。 对于go1.16的新变化,大家印象最深的可能是io包的大规模重构,但这个重构实际上还引进了一个优化,这篇文章要说的就是这个优化。 本文默认Linux环境,不过这个优
golang对遍历目录操作的优化 golang对遍历目录操作的优化
一文带你了解CAP的全部特性,你学会了吗?
目录前言消息发布携带消息头设置消息前缀原生支持的延迟消息并行发布消息事务消息事务消息发送事务消息消费事务补偿消息处理序列化过滤器消息重试多线程处理自动恢复/重连分布式存储锁消息版本隔离优化的雪花算法消息自动清理消费者特性Attribute 订阅多Attribute 订阅通配符订阅异步订阅多程序集订阅
一文带你了解CAP的全部特性,你学会了吗? 一文带你了解CAP的全部特性,你学会了吗?
我用Awesome-Graphs看论文:解读Naiad
这次向大家分享Microsoft发表在SOSP'13的另一篇关于流处理系统论文Naiad,TimelyDataflow是它的开源实现。该论文促进了后续的流图系统的设计与创新,从其调度框架设计中也可以看到TuGraph Analytics调度器的影子。
我用Awesome-Graphs看论文:解读Naiad 我用Awesome-Graphs看论文:解读Naiad 我用Awesome-Graphs看论文:解读Naiad
如何在Linux云服务器上通过Docker Compose部署安装Halo,搭建个人博客网站?
目录前置步骤环境搭建创建容器组在系统任意位置创建一个文件夹创建docker-compose.yaml启动 Halo 服务配置反向代理以及域名解析Halo初始化页面。更新新版本的halo 前置步骤 首先你需要一套linux服务器,这里默认你已经有了。如果没有可以在云服务器优惠合集选择,如果你是个人博客
Net8将Serilog日志推送ES,附视频
这是一个Serilog的实践Demo,包括了区别记录存放,AOP 日志记录,EF 执行记录,并且将日志推送到Elastic Search。 说在前面的话 自从AI出来之后,学习的曲线瞬间变缓了,学习的路径也有了很大的变化。 与本人来说以前大多数都先知晓理论再找相关的框架官网或博客,然后去实践Demo
Net8将Serilog日志推送ES,附视频 Net8将Serilog日志推送ES,附视频 Net8将Serilog日志推送ES,附视频
ambari+ bigtop 编译、打包、部署步骤总览
1 ambari + bigtop 构建大数据基础平台 1.1 参考: 1.2 参考 amabri bigtop 打包部署 2 ambari+bigtop编译、打包、部署 2.0 基础环境准备 2.1 ambari编译 2.2 ambari-metrics编译 2.3 bigtop编译 2.4 制作